MicroRNA (miRNA) is small noncoding RNA that is extensively expressed in organisms. Different types play important roles in various biological processes, such as growth and development. In this study, we identified 47 miRNA in chicken adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, of which 38 were known chicken miRNA, 4 were known miRNA homologous to other species, and 5 were potentially novel miRNA. The target genes from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were predicted. The expression assay indicated that the 10 selected miRNA were differentially expressed in different developmental stages. Both miRNA-133a and miR-1a were muscle-related, whereas miR-122 was adipose-related miRNA. Certain identified miRNA may be essential to growth and development of chicken adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Further studies of these miRNA will help to understand their functions in growth and development of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of poultry.